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Bottom-Up Synthetic Cells

Safety Risk
Develop entirely synthetic cells constructed from the ground up, rather than relying on evolved cell systems. This approach would enable precise control over cellular functions and properties, although risks must also be considered, e.g., https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads9158

R&D Gaps (1)

We currently perform synthetic biology using naturally evolved (“kludgy”) cells rather than truly bottom-up engineered cells. This bottleneck limits our ability to design fully customizable biological systems.