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Index: #16

Some Proteins Are Still Recalcitrant to Experimental Structure Analysis

Membrane proteins are notoriously difficult to analyze experimentally and to incorporate into technological applications due to their inherent insolubility in aqueous environments. Their recalcitrance limits our capacity to study their structure and function in detail. Other challenges include the difficulty of studying small proteins with cryo-EM.

Foundational Capabilities (2)

Modify the genetic code or structure of membrane proteins so they become soluble in water, thereby enabling more robust experimental analysis and practical applications.