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Index: #2

Most of the Human Brain Remains Inaccessible

Large portions of the living human brain are difficult to observe and modulate with current technologies. Safer, noninvasive, or minimally invasive methods are needed to capture real-time brain state information. One funding program dedicated to making advancements in this space is that of ARIA (UK science R&D agency), which launched the Scalable Neural Interfaces opportunity space to support a new suite of tools to interface with the human brain at scale.

Foundational Capabilities (8)

Use noninvasive modalities—such as ambient field magnetoencephalography (MEG) with quantum gradiometers, sono–magnetic tomography, optical interference methods, and ultrasound modulated optical tomography—to record and modulate brain activity without surgery.
Technologies to control gene expression in single neurons post-transplantation. Light-based or acoustic methods could offer precision for neuro-activation to enable axonal guidance and integration and enable cellular transplantation for neuroregeneration, circuitry reconstruction etc.
Use peripheral sampling methods to indirectly monitor brain molecular biomarkers. One approach involves using ultrasound to transiently open the blood–brain barrier, releasing engineered protein markers into the bloodstream for detection.
Develop a minimally invasive ultrasound-based platform that can interface programmably with the whole human brain. This approach leverages ultrasound’s ability to penetrate deep tissues, offering scalable imaging and modulation with minimal invasiveness.
Develop techniques for spatial multiplexing of dynamic signals in live cells, capturing real-time changes and molecular ticker-tapes that record cellular events over time.
Access brain fluids through much tinier holes than currently possible to facilitate less invasive delivery of drugs or devices to intracranial or intraventricular spaces.
Use peripheral immune cells as both reporters and interventions to decode and influence the brain. This approach leverages the adaptive immune system’s inherent function as sentinel and archivist for etiological and pathological processes in other end organs (including the brain).